Benenden National Health Case Study - 948 Words

It would be extremely easy to point our fingers at the smokers, alcoholics and obese for the increasing strain on resources and finances regarding healthcare, however, there are numerous economic and moral implications of this belief that this essay will explore. In 2015/16, NHS expenditure surged to  £117,229 bn with a rising prediction of  £120,611bn in 2016/17 (NHS Confederation, 2016). A major proportion of the expenditure is designated for tackling poor health problems - a consequence of drinking, smoking and poor diet costing the NHS more than  £11bn a year (BBC News, 2016). Rising demand for healthcare accompanied by a lack of supply and under-funding has drained the finite resources to ‘breaking point’ as warned by the British†¦show more content†¦The free-market environment provides the ability for people to exercise their preferences for different goods and services. It helps to motivate firms to adjust their supply dependent on the consumer pr eferences through allocative efficiency and firms to become as efficient as possible to survive the competitive market. Firms are encouraged to compete for the highest quality of care creating incentives into research and development for better and new treatments. Therefore, greater investment into capital goods to help boost the productive proficiencies in supplying high- quality healthcare for consumers. However, there are also noticeable flaws with a free-market system through the existence of imperfect information that consumers could choose decisions dependent on the authority of a person and not the appropriate choices. Healthcare is a personal choice and does not rely on the experience of others, therefore there is a risk of asymmetric information that consumers cannot judge the quality of their purchases and select undesirable choices. Some may argue that price signals could be implemented in a way to encourage consumers to evaluate their purchases and weigh up the benefits versus costs, but we must remember healthcare is neither a commodity or a luxury service. Over-consumption of healthcare is unwanted but under-consumption is a negative risk too that if individuals become solely focused on their needs; the positive

Minister’s Black Veil The Harbored Sin Free Essays

Reverend Mr. Hooper approached the â€Å"meeting house† Sunday morning to preach his sermon as he did every Sunday, but on this day, he wears a veil that normally signifies mourning. The veil represents the good minister’s guilty conscience that masks a secret sin he harbors in his soul. We will write a custom essay sample on Minister’s Black Veil: The Harbored Sin or any similar topic only for you Order Now From Hooper’s first sermon with the veil, the congregation recognizes the darkness he hides with the crape. The sermon makes â€Å"reference to secret sin, and those sad mysteries we hide from our nearest and dearest,† possibly Hooper’s. Later, the minister attends a funeral where the town’s people feel â€Å"the minister and the maiden’s spirit were wailing hand and hand. † In this scene, the inner death of the Reverend’s soul gives him a connection with the deceased. The guilt seizes the minister at the wedding he performs for the â€Å"handsomest couple in Milford. † He catches a look at himself in a mirror and â€Å"the black veil involved his own spirit in the horror with which it overwhelmed all others. † Obviously his guilt overwhelms him at this happy occasion. The sin he harbors in his soul also changes him and separates him from society. At first, Old Squire Sanders does not invite the minister to breakfast. As he continues to wear the veil, â€Å"the gentle and timid would turn aside to avoid him†¦the children fled from his approach. † Even his fiance leaves him because he cannot clear his clouded conscience. Mr. Hooper explains to Elizabeth, â€Å"I hide my face for sorrow. . . I cover it for secret sin. † That sin keeps him from happiness with Elizabeth. The reverend does connect, however, with other sinners. He uses the veil for â€Å"one desirable effect. † The veil’s â€Å"gloom, indeed, enabled him to sympathize with all dark affections. Converts felt â€Å"they had been with him behind the black veil,† signifying they share that secret sin Hooper hides. The Reverend’s â€Å"soul hath a patient weariness until that veil be lifted,† and the secret sin weighs on the minster’s soul. His soul must go to heaven in order to be saved. Unfortunately,  "on this earth† his soul suffers. While he remains human, his soul will bear the burden of sin. Not until God takes his soul can his body finally be cleansed from his impurities. Mr. Hooper wears the black veil to demonstrate to others the guilt he feel being a sinner. How to cite Minister’s Black Veil: The Harbored Sin, Papers

What Extent Is Stanley the Villain of ‘a Streetcar Named Desire’ free essay sample

To what extent is Stanley the villain of ‘A Streetcar Named Desire? ’ Within literature a villain is traditionally malicious in character and inflicts pain both emotionally and physically; someone who becomes an obstacle the protagonist must struggle to overcome and who takes pleasure in bringing about their demise. ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ is the famous story of Blanche du Bois and Stanley Kowalski’s passionate power struggle; written by Tennessee Williams in 1947, the Play is set in New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 1940s. To judge what extent Stanley is a villain it is necessary to first assess which criteria of a typical villain he fits. Throughout the play Stanley proves that he inflicts emotional pain on Blanche, and by not letting her forget her past and by destroying any possibility of love in her life Stanley becomes an obstacle she must attempt to overcome. It is Stanley who brings about the protagonists demise. We will write a custom essay sample on What Extent Is Stanley the Villain of ‘a Streetcar Named Desire?’ or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, although it appears that Stanley is vindictive and only bringing Blanche down for his own personal gain, one could argue that he is doing it for his relationship with Stella as Stanley would like things to return to the way they were before Blanche arrived. Stanley talks about how he wants their relationship to simply go back to normal: â€Å"Stell, its gonna be all right after she [Blanche] goes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Stanley first shows signs of villainy in scene three, through his need to be dominant which foreshadows the conflict between him and Blanche which, later, leads to the rape. At the start of the scene, he tries to assert his authority by telling Stella and Blanche to â€Å"cut out that conversation in there! † Throughout the scene, when he feels that he is losing control and authority, he loses his temper; one trait of a traditional villain, in the form of striking Stella after she yells at him – â€Å"Drunk – drunk – animal thing, you! † It is clear to the audience that Stanley would have liked to hit Blanche instead. The fact Williams stages the scene so that the ‘strike’ was off stage shows that this violence would have been just as shocking at the time the play was written as it would be to a modern-day audience. This scene establishes Stanley as a villain and an obstacle to Blanche’s progress early on. It is possible, however, to argue that Stanley is not a traditional villain; in the opening scene, it is Stanley who is the civil character, not Blanche. He seems friendly and even welcoming; â€Å"Well, take it easy. † The audience feels sympathy for Stanley who has just had his wife’s sister arrive, clearly out of the blue, as he says; â€Å"didn’t know you [Blanche] were coming in to town. We can relate to Stanley more than to Blanche in this scene, because Blanche is invading his home and although this comment is reserved, it is undeniably civil. The fact Blanche has drunk some of Stanley’s liquor does not go unnoticed as the stage directions tell us that Stanley ‘holds the bottle to the light to observe its depletion’ before he says to Blanche â€Å"Some people rarely touch it, but it touches them often† – both indicate that h e knows Blanche is a heavy drinker and that she had had his alcohol, yet he does not question it. At first, he seems to have no objection to Blanche and tries to make conversation, even though he appears to dominate it. Although Stanley is not villainous in this scene, there is a growing sense of tension and opposition forming. The tension is shown when the two try to engage in small talk throughout the scene, and there is an obvious dichotomy between them. Blanche is portrayed as having pale skin, a white suit and fluttery manner, suggesting a fragile moth, which is contrasted with Stanley’s bold colours and obtrusive nature. At the end of the scene, Stanley mentions Blanche’s dead husband, Allan, unnecessarily; hinting properly for the first time that Stanley has a cruel and villainous side as he clearly intends to inflict emotional pain by making Blanche remember Allan with the comment â€Å"What happened? † Another scene in which the audience feel sorry for Stanley is in scene four, when he overhears Blanche trying to persuade Stella to leave Stanley. Blanche points out the differences between her and Stanley, saying Stanley Kowalski, survivor of the Stone Age! Such things as art as poetry and music such kinds of new light have come into the world since then!    We also feel sympathetic towards Stanley at the end of scene three when he begs Stella to come back – â€Å"I want my baby down here. Stella, Stella! † It is in scene ten that Stanley reveals the true extent of his villainy as well as being the dramatic climax of the play. At the very start of the scene, Blanche is staring in to a mirror, she ‘Tremblingly lifts her hand’ before slamming it down ‘with such violence that the glass cracks’, giving a distorted image – a metaphor for her distorted view of the world. Stanley enters wearing a ‘vivid green’ shirt – the bold colour emphasising his personality and mood. Stanley senses Blanche’s distress and mocks her fantasies and illusions of a rich admirer coming to rescue her; â€Å"Well, well. What do you know? † The fact she need to be rescued emphasised the fact she is trapped; unable to escape her mind and the memories that she tries to repress. Dramatic irony is used effectively in Stanley’s line â€Å"It goes to show, you never know what is coming† that foreshadows the rape. The audience expect a climax to the tension that has built throughout the play and the scene is full of sexual references such as ‘pounding the bottle cap on the corner of the table’, ‘the bottle cap pops off’, â€Å"bury the hatchet† and â€Å"loving cup†, which hint at the play’s conclusion. Throughout the scene, tension mounts as the atmosphere between the two fluctuates; at the start of the scene, there is a moment when it seems as though Stanley is going to make a friendly gesture towards Blanche, however, when she refuses, the previous animosity between them is restored. Blanche then makes a biblical reference â€Å"casting my pearls before swine† which Stanley does not understand and takes as a direct insult. For a short while, he plays along with her illusions before suddenly turning on her again. As the scene closes, Williams uses imagery to make Blanche’s terror take on a physical form as ‘grotesque and, menacing shapes’ that close in around her and animalistic sounds can be heard and frightening, sinister ‘shadows and lurid reflections’ appear on the walls, moving like ‘flames’ which mimic Blanche’s nervous movements. Stanley’s last line â€Å"We’ve had this date with each other from the beginning† shows his intent and to a certain extent, Stanley is right when he says this; Blanche and Stanley’s relationship has always been sexual to a certain extent – Blanche was fully aware of Stanley’s intense masculinity and she responded with provocative seductive and sexual behaviour, even admitting to her sister that she knows about sexual desire – â€Å"when the devil is in you†. This scene is technically very dramatic in technique and the use of the blue piano and ‘inhuman voices like cries in a jungle’ create a threatening and animalistic effect. The sounds of the train, the streetcar named Desire Blanche arrives on, are heard throughout the play and get louder and louder as well as faster. The train will inevitably crash like Blanche. The visual effects represent the present evil and Blanche’s decent in to madness. Williams intended to shock the audience with the full extent of Stanley’s villainy in this climatic scene and his act seems even monstrous due to the fact he is raping his pregnant wife’s sister. It is in this scene that Stanley displays almost all of the traits of a traditional villain; he both emotionally and physically causes Blanche pain as well as clearly finding pleasure in bringing about her demse. In the penultimate scene the line; ‘she sunk to her knees’ tells us that Blanche has given up and Stanley has finally destroyed Blanche completely. In conclusion; I personally see Stanley as a villain because although at certain points in the play the audience is sympathetic towards him and can see the motive behind his actions, and even relate to them, it is hard to forgive his ruthless and systematic destroying of Blanche both emotionally and physically as well as his lack of control when hitting Stella. Blanche destroys Mitch and any chance of a relationship with him with her lies, however, Stanley destroys Blanche with the truth and does so in such a spiteful, manipulative and ultimately villainous way; it tears her apart. Stanley defines himself by displaying all the traditional characteristics of a villain. WORD COUNT – 1,460

Motivation for Colonization essays

Motivation for Colonization essays Many people suffered for the colonization of the new world settlement. Two early regions for settlement were, Chesapeake and New England. Although both are British, they differ greatly in their motivation for colonization, socio-economic status, and personal retreat for religion. Keep in mind survival for the colonists was nearly impossible. Diseases, such as malaria, plagued colonies killing thousands, as well as famine and the cold of winter. Many merchants in 1606, under the rule of King James I, believed that there was much profit to be made in the new world. They were correct. King James ordered two companies for another attempt at settlement, Virginia company and Plymouth company. These Joint Stock companies sold shares to investors to raise money for Britian's expedition to the New World. First attempts at settlement in 1607 proved much hardship for the new land owners. It wasn't until 1609 that the colonist began to prosper; they learned the cultivation of tobacco. Export of tobacco boomed the colonists market. Soon more labor in the colonies were needed to harvest such large cash crops. Indentured servants were sent from Britian to help boost the economy by harvesting these crops, as well as, their settlement in the new world. New England, on the other hand, was sought out for religious freedom from the Anglican church, or the Church of England. The Anglican church was plagued with corruption under the rule of Queen Elizabeth. Protestant reformers known as puritans and pilgrims fled Britain in hopes to "bear witness to their Puritan fate." Puritans wanted to reform the Church of England, by moving to the New World, creating new churches to serve as a model for English reform. Pilgrims on the other hand were separatists and felt that the corruption of the English Church was irreversible. ...

Key Facts About the Battle of Gonzales

Key Facts About the Battle of Gonzales On October 2, 1835, rebellious Texans and Mexican soldiers clashed in the small town of Gonzales. This small skirmish would have much larger consequences, as it is considered to be the first battle of Texas War of Independence from Mexico. For this reason, the fight at Gonzales is sometimes called the Lexington of Texas, referring to the place which saw the first fighting of the American Revolutionary War. The battle resulted in one dead Mexican soldier but no other casualties. Prelude to Battle By late 1835 tensions between Anglo Texans - called Texians - and Mexican officials in Texas. The Texians were becoming more and more rebellious, defying rules, smuggling goods into and out of the region and generally disrespecting Mexican authority every chance they could. Thus, Mexican President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna had given the order that the Texians be disarmed. Santa Annas brother-in-law, General Martà ­n Perfecto de Cos, was in Texas seeing that the order was carried out. The Cannon of Gonzales Some years previously, the people of the small town of Gonzales had requested a cannon for use in defense against Indian raids, and one had been provided for them. In September 1835, following orders from Cos, Colonel Domingo Ugartechea sent a handful of soldiers to Gonzales to retrieve the cannon. Tensions were high in the town, as a Mexican soldier had recently beaten up a citizen of Gonzales. The people of Gonzales angrily refused to return the cannon and even arrested the soldiers sent to retrieve it. Mexican Reinforcements Ugartechea then sent a force of some 100 dragoons (light cavalry) under the command of Lieutenant Francisco de Castaà ±eda to retrieve the cannon. A small Texian militia met them at the river near Gonzales and told them that the mayor (with whom Castaà ±eda wished to speak) was unavailable. The Mexicans were not allowed to pass into Gonzales. Castaà ±eda decided to wait and set up camp. A couple of days later, when told that armed Texian volunteers were flooding into Gonzales, Castaà ±eda moved his camp and continued to wait. The Battle of Gonzales The Texians were spoiling for a fight. By the end of September, there were some 140 armed rebels ready for action in Gonzales. They elected John Moore to lead them, awarding him the rank of Colonel. The Texians crossed the river and attacked the Mexican camp on the misty morning of October 2, 1835. The Texians even used the cannon in question during their attack, and flew a makeshift flag reading â€Å"Come and Take it.† Castaà ±eda hastily called for a cease-fire and asked Moore why they had attacked him. Moore replied that they were fighting for the cannon and the Mexican constitution of 1824, which had guaranteed rights for Texas but had since been replaced. The Aftermath of the Battle of Gonzales Castaà ±eda did not want a fight: he was under orders to avoid one if possible and may have sympathized with the Texans in terms of states rights. He retreated to San Antonio, having lost one man killed in action. The Texan rebels did not lose anyone, the worst injury being a broken nose suffered when a man fell off a horse. It was a short, insignificant battle, but it soon bloomed into something much more important. The blood spilled that October morning marked a point of no return for the rebellious Texians. Their victory in Gonzales meant that disgruntled frontiersmen and settlers all over Texas formed into active militias and took up arms against Mexico. Within a couple of weeks, all of Texas was up in arms and Stephen F. Austin had been named commander of all Texan forces. For the Mexicans, it was an insult to their national honor, a brazen challenge by rebellious citizens which needed to be put down immediately and decisively. As for the cannon, its fate is uncertain. Some say it was buried along a road not long after the battle. A cannon discovered in 1936 may be it and it is currently on display in Gonzales. It also may have gone to the Alamo, where it would have seen action in the legendary battle there: the Mexicans melted down some of the cannons they captured after the battle. The Battle of Gonzales is considered the first true battle of the Texas Revolution, which would continue through the legendary Battle of the Alamo and not be decided until the Battle of San Jacinto. Today, the battle is celebrated in the town of Gonzales, where there is an annual re-enactment and there are historical markers to show the various important locations of the battle. Sources Brands, H.W. Lone Star Nation: The Epic Story of the Battle for Texas Brands, H.W. Lone Star Nation: The Epic Story of the Battle for Texas Independence. Paperback, Reprint edition, Anchor, February 8, 2005. Henderson, Timothy J. A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and its War with the United States. 1st Edition, Hill and Wang, May 13, 2008.

The importance of peer relationships for children social development Essay

The importance of peer relationships for children social development - Essay Example Social development entails continued enhancement of skills relevant to help ones interact with the immediate social environment consisting of people and prevailing conditions and situations. The peer relationships development in children is aided by the combined role played by parents, practitioners as well as the attitudes of the children being taught. Moreover, peer relationships create a sense of responsibility in children, eradication of loneliness caused by family troubles, as well as the enhancement of social competence. These are rationales to the development of social development in an individual. Many problems in children are as a result of poor social upbringing, which ultimately leads to the withdrawal of some children from their peers. However, the recent years have seen researchers, scholars, as well as academicians getting actively involved in the study of the effects of peer relationships in human life (Ford and Harris, 1999). The discussion in this paper aims at inves tigating into the importance of peer relationships in social development. The role of practitioners is crucial to establish at this juncture, as well as the key elements of peer relationships to enhance a better understanding. The reasons as to why children withdraw from their peers as well as the rationale of peer relationships in the future life of children will also be established. Key elements of peer relationships Peer relationships are attributed to a number of significant elements, which include self/irritability, family, school and peers as well as work. Self/ irritability element determines the response of distinct individuals to occurrences/ phenomenon. Some children who are faced with difficulties resulting from physical, family troubles, abandonment, resiliency, and exceptionality respond slowly to peer-relationships. In contrast, those in the relevant contexts often demonstrate a quick response to the peer relationships. Secondly, family context plays a pivotal role in the performance of a child in the social realms. Bronfenbrenner’s systems refer this as the main micro-system influence (Siegel, 2008). Mesosystems explain the influence that occurs as a result of how children respond to the immediate environments, which are composed of a connection between any of the two micro-systems. For instance, a connection between family and school, a child who has difficulties in family life will definitely have difficulties interacting with teachers as well as other children. Recent research has indicated teachers as contributors of poor peer relationships due to their utilization of favoritism on some children. The same is impacted in the societal set up since the child has already developed a negative attitude. Peers are also long-term rationales for the extents of peer relationships and finally social development. These are the friends that one has to interact with in all contexts. Harsh treatment by some peers is also a major cause of withdrawal. Some peers also result in poor

Blog critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Blog critique - Essay Example It concentrated on collecting the marketing and advertising materials that reveal the interface between Coca- Cola drink and its consumers. Through the extensive photographic collections that catches local and international distribution, the archivist used those resources and created a blog focusing on modern culture and heritage. However, criticism has risen from various groups and individuals concerning a variety of issues. Primarily, they include environmental matters, business practices, and health effects. The company’s products and subsidiaries have sustained criticism by both watchdogs and consumers particularly from the onset of 2000s. The health aspect of the Coca-Cola drink has been in the spotlight severally with questions being raised on its disadvantages. Critics have often suggested that the drink leads to obesity and should be considered to be unhealthy. Unbottled is a blog created by the company to be a platform where people could share ideologies about the history of Coca- Cola, advertising, collectibles and the role of the brand in the pop culture. This blog provides unique opportunities for individuals to voice their opinions hence influencing the decision makers directly in a company. The basal purpose of this blog was to introduce the business to social marketing platforms and create a community whereby opinions can be reviewed. The blog creates a sense of community through interactive posting of comments and questions for discussion giving us an opportunity for creating interactions. Through the blog, I have felt more connected to the company in various ways. This has primarily been enhanced by the integrity portrayed by the response team. Not only does the blog educate on the company’s welfare but portrays strong, inspiring leadership skills that can be employed by the clients. Consistent social interactions demonstrate clear objectives that have been established and the relationship between